前往遍智之道：昂望奔登依格魯派了義與不了義的觀點所作的詮釋

　　Buddhism suggests that it is possible to investigate the nature of reality ourselves; but to do so one needs to differentiate definitive teachings from those of interpretable meaning. William Magee's book, Paths to Omniscience, discusses a number of topics related to the interpretation of scripture according to Dzong-ka-ba, Jam-yang-shay-ba, Nga-wang-bel-den, and other great scholars of the Geluk world.

　　Paths to Omniscience also addresses the Geluk approach to the practice of hermeneutics. Even within the lineage itself, scholars have not always agreed about interpretation of scripture. Paths to Omniscience describes intricate maneuvers enlivening the spirited controversies of these emminent Lamas.

　　Paths to Omniscience also includes translations of thirty annotations from Nga-wang-bel-den's Annotations for (Jam-yang-shay-ba's) “Great Exposition of  Tenets”. These annotations show how diverse and wide-ranging a great commentarial author can be in his treatment  of the basic text. Far from being mere footnotes to Jam-yang-shay-ba, the Annotations can instead be viewed as a seminar on his Great Exposition of  Tenets

作者簡介

William Magee

　　William Magee received a doctorate in Tibetan Studies from the University of Virginia, where he taught Tibetan language for thirteen years at the Summer Language Institute. He now teaches Tibetan language and philosophy at Dharma Drum Buddhist College on Dharma Drum Mountain, Taiwan. Magee is the co-author (with Elizabeth Napper) of Fluent Tibetan: a Proficiency-oriented Language Learning System and the author of The Nature of Things. He has published numerous articles about Tibetan philosophy and is Editor-in-Chief of the Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal.

Tibetan Consonants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Series Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Author’s Preface  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

1 Introduction 15
1.1 Paths to Omniscience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.2 Positive and Negative Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . 27

2 Presentations of Emptiness 31
2.1 The Middle Way View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2 Two Truths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3 The Object To Be Negated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.4 Mind Only Emptiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.5 Other Emptiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3 Buddhist Hermeneutics 51
3.1 Origins of Buddhist Hermeneutics . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2 Hermeneutics of the Middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.3 Three Wheels of Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

4 The Great Vehicle and Its Commentaries 73
4.1 Geluk Scholasticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4.2 Perfection of Wisdom Sutras and the
Treatise on the Middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.3 Characteristics of Sutra Pronouncements on
Emptiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.4 Characteristics of Treatise Discussions of Emptiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.5 The Role of Sutra Commentaries . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.6 Relating Perfection of Wisdom Sutras and the Treatiseon the Middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

5 Inherent Existence 99
5.1 Introducing svabhava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5.2 Nagarjuna and Ultimate Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.3 Expressing Fallacies from the Viewpoint of a Pervader104
5.4 The Vajra Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5.5 There Is Production Conventionally . . . . . . . . . 112
5.6 Production From Self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
5.7 Production from Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.8 Production From Both Self and Other . . . . . . . . 121
5.9 Production Causelessly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5.10 Summarizing the Vajra Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

6 Tath□gatagarbha in Tibet 127
6.1 Introduction to tath□gatagarbha . . . . . . . . . . . 127
6.2 Buddha Nature Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
6.3 tath□gatagarbha and the Mind-basis-of-all . . . . . . 131
6.4 Sutra Sources . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.5 The Basic Constituent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.6 Tath□gatagarbha Treatises in Tibet . . . . . . . . . . 148
6.7 Jonangs Following Dol-b-o S-hay-rap-gyel-tsen . . . 150
6.8 S-a-．ya-bas Following Bu-don . . . . . . . . . . . 169
6.9 Geluks Following D-zong-ka-b-a . . . . . . . . . . . 171

7 A Geluk Controversy 179
7.1 Introduction to a Controversy . . . . . . . . . . . 179
7.2 Background to the Controversy . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
7.3 D-zong-ka-b-a’s Interpretation of Chandrakirti . . . . . 189
7.3.1 Interpretability of the Three Natures . . . . . 191
7.3.2 Interpretability of the Mind-basis-of-all . . . 192
7.3.3 Interpretability of Mind Only . . . . . . . . . 200
7.3.4 Interpretability of Three Final Vehicles . . . 200
7.4 Kay-drup and Jam-y - ang-shay-b-a on　Chandrakirti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
7.5 Conclusion to the Controvery Discussion . . . . . . 209

8 Mere Conditionality 213
8.1 Non-Dependence For Chandrakirti and D -zong-ka-b . . . 213
8.2 Meanings of Dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
8.3 No Dependence on Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

9 Translations 229
Jam-y - ang-shay-b-a and the Great Exposition of Tenets . 229
Nga-wa - ng-b-el-den and the Annotations . . . . . . . . 230
Translation of the Annotations . . . . . . .  . . . . . . 233
Topics of the Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Bibliography 333