西方文明

全書分為四個部分，共二十五章，主要從古代世界、中世紀文明、早期現代歐洲和現代西方的興起四個板塊闡述西方文明的簡短發展史。
 
本書從西方文明這一概念的起源入手，介紹了對西方文明的形成和發展發揮至關重要作用的各項要素，包括古希臘、古羅馬的思想和政治成就，科學、技術和宗教的因素等；還展示了西方文明對世界上其他地區產生的影響，包括亞洲、非洲和美洲。對於重點章節的介紹，本書還提供了相關的引文，為學生提供原汁原味的素材。本書既可用於高校英語專業、翻譯專業的課堂教學，又可作為高校英語通識選修課教材。

Part One
The Ancient World
(3000 BC–500 AD)
Chapter 1 Civilization in Mesopotamia2
1 The Earliest Cities and Empires2
2 Society, Culture, and Religion in Mesopotamia3
3 The Hebrews and Their Religion4
4 The Phoenicians6
Chapter 2 The Civilization of the Greeks9
1 Early Greece: Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Civilization9
2 The Archaic Age of Greek City-States (c 750 BC–c 500 BC)10
3 Classical Greece (500 BC–338 BC)13
4 Culture in Classical Greece14
Chapter 3 The Hellenistic World27
1 Conquest of Alexander27
2 Life in Hellenistic World27
3 Religion and Philosophy29
4 Science in Alexandria30
Chapter 4 The Rise and Fall of Rome33
1 Roman Republic33
2 Roman Empire35
3 The Fall of Roman Empire37
4 Literature and Historiography40
5 Science and Medicine42
6 The Rise and Development of Christianity43
Part Two
Medieval Civilization
500–1300
Chapter 5 The Germanic Kingdoms51
1 The Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy51
2 The Visigothic Kingdom in Spain51
3 The Vandals’ Kingdom in Carthage52
4 The Frankish Kingdom52
5 Anglo-Saxon England53
Chapter 6 The Byzantine Empire55
1 The Reign of Justinian (527–565)55
2 From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire55
3 Byzantine Culture56
Chapter 7 The Rise and Expansion of Islam59
1 Mohammed59
2 Arabic Conquests and the Caliphate60
3 The Faith of Islam60
4 The Culture of Islam61
Chapter 8 Remaking of Europe66
1 The World of the Carolingians66
2 The Rise of Western Europe68
3 Central and Eastern Europe of the Slavs70
Chapter 9 Feudal Europe73
1 Feudalism73
2 Growth of Feudal States76
Chapter 10 The Medieval Church82
1 Christian Doctrine82
2 Gregory the Great83
3 Early Church Fathers84
4 Monastic Reform Movements86
5 Investiture Struggle87
6 The Crusades89
Chapter 11 Medieval Culture94
1 The Rise of Universities94
2 Thirteenth-Century Learning95
3 Christian Architecture97
Part Three
Early Modern Europe
1300–1650
Chapter 12 An Age of Discovery and Expansion107
1 Portugal and the African Route108
2 Spain and the Atlantic Route109
3 The Spanish Administration in the New World 111
4 Impact of Expansion 113
Chapter 13 The Renaissance116
1 Renaissance Italy 116
2 The Hundred Years’ War 118
3 New Monarchies 118
4 Humanism122
5 Renaissance Art126
Chapter 14 The Reformation133
1 Decay of the Church133
2 The Awakening Reform Spirit134
3 Political and Social Influence135
4 The Revolt of Luther: “Justification by Faith”136
5 Calvin and the Elect: “Predestination”138
6 Henry Ⅷ and the Church of England139
7 The Roman Catholic Response141
Chapter 15 Politics and Religious Wars146
1 The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)146
2 Philip Ⅱ’s Spain and the Revolt of the Netherlands147
3 The England of Elizabeth148
4 Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648)150
Chapter 16 Two Systems of State: Absolutism and Constitutional Monarchy154
1 Theory of Absolutism155
2 Absolutism in France: Louis ⅩⅣ 156
3 Absolutism in Germany: Prussia and Austria158
4 Emergence of Russia159
5 England and the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy160
Chapter 17 The Beginning of Modern Capitalism165
1 New Forms of Business Organization166
2 The Rise of Modern Banking167
3 Mercantilism and Overseas Colonies168
Part Four
The Rise of the Modern West
1600–1850
Chapter 18 Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science175
1 Revolution in Astronomy: Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,and Newton175
2 Advances in Medicine179
3 Scientific Societies and Organizations180
Chapter 19 Emancipation of Philosophy:Empiricism and Skepticism185
1 Michel Eyquem de Montaigne: Skepticism and Religious Tolerance185
2 Francis Bacon: New Approach to Knowledge186
3 René Descartes188
4 John Locke: Tabula Rasa188
5 David Hume: An Outright Skeptic189
Chapter 20 The Intellectual Enlightenment194
1 The Growth of Doubt195
2 Vision of Progress200
3 Culture202
Chapter 21 The Secularization of Political Theory: Social Contract207
1 Thomas Hobbes208
2 Samuel Pufendorf209
3 John Locke209
4 Baruch Spinoza209
5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau 211
Chapter 22 New Developments in Law and Legal Philosophy214
1 The Doctrine of Natural Law214
2 The Rise of International Law215
3 Other Legal Philosophies217
Chapter 23 An Era of Revolution221
1 American Revolution221
2 French Revolution223
Chapter 24 Industrial Revolution231
1 The Mechanization of Industry and Transportation231
2 The Industrial Factory232
3 Spread of Industrial Revolution233
Chapter 25 Utilitarianism and Positivism235
1 Jeremy Bentham235
2 John Stuart Mill237
3 Auguste Comte240
Appendix: Recommended Readings245

胡翠娥，女，1970年5月生，江西省靖安縣人，南開大學文學學士（1992），南開大學文學碩士（1997），南開大學翻譯學博士（2003），現為南開大學外國語學院教授，博士生導師，翻譯系主任。研究方向：中西翻譯史與中西文化。著有《文學翻譯與文化參與——晚清小說翻譯的文化研究》（上海外語教育出版社2007年，獲2005-07上海市圖書獎。）和《翻譯的“政治”——現代文壇的翻譯論爭與文學文化論爭》（人民文學出版社，2016年）。漢譯英著作包括Empirical Study on Income Inequality of Chinese Residents,（周雲波著，胡翠娥譯，施普林格出版社2012年）、An Introduction to Chinese Birth Year Symbols: Dragon（胡翠娥譯，世界出版西安公司，2012年），英譯漢著作有《世界思想史》（彼得沃森著，胡翠娥譯，南京譯林出版社2017年）。在《中國翻譯》、《外國語》、《中國比較文學》、《新文學史料》、《外語與外語教學》、《南開學報》等學術刊物上發表數十篇學術論文，主持國家社科基金專案一項“現代文壇的翻譯論爭與文學、文化論爭。