和老外聊中國：外國人不懂的中華文化，用他們能懂的英語來解釋！

前言

第一章 茶與飲茶 Tea and Tea Drinking
關於中國茶的由來有哪些傳說？
What are the legendary origins of tea in China?
茶最初的功能是什麼？
What was the function of tea when it was first used?
飲茶的習慣源於什麼地方？
Historically, where did the habit of tea drinking come from?
唐朝飲茶有些什麼習慣？
What was the fashion of tea drinking in the Tang Dynasty?
你對唐代以後茶的生產和飲茶習慣了解多少？
What is the history of tea production and tea drinking after the Tang Dynasty?
英文單詞「tea」是如何出現的？
What is the derivation of English word ea?
紅茶與綠茶的主要區別是什麼？
What are the main differences between black tea and green tea?
什麼是烏龍茶？
What is Oolong tea?
什麼是團餅茶？
What is tuanbing tea?
什麼是功夫茶？
What is Kungfu tea?
你知道如何選茶葉嗎？
What is the way to select tea?
有需要準備茶的特別場合嗎？
Are there special circumstances in which tea is prepared?
中國茶道有什麼特點？
What is the feature of the Chinese tea ceremony?
成都有許多茶館嗎？
Are there many teahouses in Chengdu?
茶館裡主要使用的是什麼茶具？
What utensils are mainly used for tea drinking in teahouses?
為什麼宜興紫砂壺非常有名？
Why is the Yixing ceramic teapot so well-known?
什麼是茶博士？
What is the Tea Service Master?

第二章 中國烹調 Chinese Cuisine
你對中國烹調了解多少？
How do you think of Chinese cuisine?
辣椒是中國自古就有的嗎？
Was red pepper a local product in ancient China?
中國烹調注重菜的「型」和「味道」嗎？
Does Chinese cuisine pay attention to the appearance and taste of dishes?
中國烹調注重「火候」嗎？
Does Chinese cuisine pay attention to the fire temperature?
如何劃分中國主要地域菜系？
What are the main regional cuisine in China?
你對山東菜系了解多少？
How much do you know about Shandong cuisine?
你對粵菜系了解多少？
How much do you know about Cantonese cuisine?
你對揚州菜系了解多少？
How much do you know about Yangzhou cuisine?
你對川菜系了解多少？
How much do you know about Sichuan cuisine?
什麼是火鍋？
What is Hotpot?
什麼是傳統形式的飯和菜？
What are traditional forms of the fan and cai?
傳統的中國主食有哪些特色？
What are the features of traditional Chinese staple food?
什麼是粗茶淡飯？
What is the meaning of cucha danfan?
你對豆腐了解多少？
How much do you know about beancurd in China?
餃子的由來有什麼傳說嗎？
What is the legendary story about dumplings?
你知道窩窩頭的傳說嗎？
Do you know the legendary story about wowotou?
油條的由來有什麼傳說嗎？
What is the legendary story about Deep-fried dough stick?
宴會的一般程序是什麼？
What is the usual process of a banquet?
在正式的宴會中，來賓和主人的座次應如何安排？
How are the guests and host seated for a formal dinner?
如何理解中國人的熱情好客？
How do you understand the characteristics of Chinese hospitality?
筷子有什麼特點？
What are the characteristics of chopsticks?

第三章 中國酒 Alcoholic Drinks in China
漢字「酒」在英文中的含義是什麼？
What is the meaning of Chinese character jiu in English?
中國古代釀酒的由來有哪些傳說？
What are the legends about the origin of alcoholic brewing in ancient China?
漢代傳說中的故事和「漢磚」講了關於飲酒釀酒的什麼事情？
What is known about the drinking and brewing of alcohols from legendary stories of the Han Dynasty and the Han Bricks?
果酒和乳酒是古代中國第一代飲料酒嗎？
Was the fruit wine and milk wine the first generationof alcoholic drinks?
中國最古老的穀物酒叫什麼名字？
What is the name of the oldest grain wine in China?
在中國歷史上誰最早提出禁酒？
Who first raised a prohibition against alcoholic drinks?
生產白酒的主要原料是什麼？
What is the principal ingredient for strong clear liquors in China?
中國古人飲酒有哪些禮節？
How did Chinese behave when drinking in ancient times?
在宴會上飲酒有哪些禮節？
How do Chinese behave when drinking at a banquet?
現在飲酒有哪些禮節？
Nowadays how do Chinese behave when drinking?
飲酒有哪些獨特的方式？
Are there any unique ways of alcoholic drinking?
飲酒時會玩什麼遊戲？
What drinking games do people play?
你能告訴我幾句李白寫的飲酒詩嗎？
Would you please introduce some poems written by Li Bai on wine drinking?
你能告訴我幾句杜甫寫的飲酒詩嗎？
Would you please introduce some poems written by Du Fu on wine drinking?
你能告訴我幾句蘇東坡寫的飲酒詩嗎？
Would you please introduce some poems written by Su Dongpo on wine drinking?
你能告訴我一些名酒的情況嗎？
What are the characteristics of some famous winesor liquors?

第四章 漢字與書法 Chinese Characters and Calligraphy
學習漢字難嗎？
Is it difficult to learn Chinese characters?
漢字的起源有哪些傳說？
Is there any legend about the origin of Chinese characters?
漢字起源於圖畫嗎？
Did Chinese characters come from drawings?
甲骨文是如何被發現的？
How were ancient inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells discovered?
什麼是「六書」？
What are the Six Categories of Chinese Characters?
為什麼要了解漢字？
Why do we need to understand Chinese characters?
你對方言了解多少？
How much do you know about dialects in China?
中國書法的起源是什麼？
What is the origin of Chinese calligraphy?
如何欣賞中國書法？
How does a Chinese scholar appreciate Chinese calligraphy?
筆有哪些種類？
How do we categorize brushes?
什麼是墨？
What is ink-stick?
什麼是安徽宣紙？
What is xuan paper in Anhui?
什麼是硯？
What is ink-stone?
練習中國書法有什麼好處？
What is the benefit of practicing Chinese calligraphy?
什麼是中國篆刻？
What is Chinese seal engraving?

第五章 中國繪畫 Chinese Painting
中國畫起源於何時？
What is the origin of traditional Chinese painting?
你如何理解傳統中國畫藝術？
How can you understand the art of traditional Chinese painting?
你能夠簡單介紹一下中國傳統繪畫的歷史嗎？
Can you give a brief introduction of the history oftraditional Chinese painting?
什麼是「文人畫師」？
What are literati painters?
什麼是「院畫畫師」？
What are academic painters?
書法對繪畫有什麼影響？
What is the influence of calligraphy on painting?
元朝文人畫有什麼特點？
What are the features of the literati painting of the Yuan Dynasty?
你對明代繪畫知道多少？
What is known about the painting of the Ming Dynasty?
清朝繪畫有什麼特點？
What are the features of the painting of the Qing Dynasty?
如何分類中國繪畫？
How can we classify traditional Chinese painting?
什麼是中國傳統繪畫的技法？
What are features of the techniques of the traditional Chinese painting?
中國傳統繪畫和西方繪畫的不同點有哪些？
What are the differences between traditional Chinese painting and Western painting?
如何保存字畫？
How do we preserve the calligraphy and paintings?

第六章 中國傳統棋牌 Traditional Chinese Chess Games
人們一般如何看待棋盤遊戲？
What do you think of the board game?
什麼是圍棋？
What is weiqi?
你對圍棋的歷史知道多少？
What is the history of weiqi?
圍棋的基本規則是什麼？
What are the basic rules of weiqi?
什麼是象棋？
What is xiangqi?
你對象棋的歷史知道多少？
What is the history of xiangqi?
象棋的基本規則是什麼？
What are the basic rules of xiangqi?
什麼是麻將？
What is the majiang?
如何辨別麻將的牌名？
What do majiang pieces consist of?
你對麻將的歷史知道多少？
What is the history of majiang?

第七章 中國武術 Chinese Martial Arts
什麼是中國武術？
What are Chinese martial arts?
你能簡述中國武術的歷史嗎？
What is the history of Chinese martial arts?
中國武術如何分類？
How can we categorize Chinese wushu?
還有其他的武術分類嗎？
Are there other categorizations of wushu?
什麼是長拳？
What is Chang Boxing?
什麼是形意拳？
What is Xingyiquan (Form and Will Boxing)?
什麼是八卦掌？
What is Baguazhang (the Octagon Palm)?
什麼是太極拳？
What is Taijiquan?
長期習練太極拳對身體有益處嗎？
Does regular Taijiquan practice benefit health?
練太極拳的基本要求是什麼？
What are the basic requirements for Taijiquan practice?
武術的道德要點是什麼？
What are the main points of wushu ethics?

第八章 中國絲綢 Chinese Silk
你能簡要介紹中國絲綢生產的歷史嗎？
What is the history of Chinese silk production?
關於絲綢的發現有什麼傳說嗎？
Are there any legendary stories related to the discovery of silk?
桑蠶的作用是什麼？
What is the function of the silkworm?
你能簡述一下絲綢之路的歷史嗎？
What is the history of the Silk Road?
請告訴我古絲綢之路的具體路線好嗎？
What is the route of the Ancient Silk Road?
什麼是中國手工絲繡？
What is handmade Chinese embroidery?
什麼是雙面繡？
What is double-sided embroidery?
如何鑒賞中國手工繡品？
How can we appreciate Chinese handmade embroidery?
什麼是中國「錦」？
What is silk brocade?
中國的四種地方「錦」有什麼區別？
How do these four Chinese local brocades differ?
蜀錦有沒有流行的圖案？
Are there any fashionable patterns of Shu Brocade?
如何養護絲綢？
How do we maintain silk fabrics?

第九章 中國陶瓷 Chinese Pottery and Porcelain
什麼是中國陶器？
What are Chinese pottery and porcelain?
在中國，最早的陶器有什麼特點？
What are the features of the earliest pottery vessels in China?
原始社會彩陶的特點是什麼？
What are features of painted pottery in primitive society?
瓷器與陶器有哪些區別？
What is the difference between porcelain and pottery?
瓷器是什麼時候發明的？
When was Chinese porcelain invented?
什麼是青瓷？
What is celadon?
什麼是白瓷？
What is white porcelain?
什麼是彩瓷？
What is painted porcelain?
什麼是唐三彩？
What is the tri-color pottery of the Tang Dynasty?
你對中國古代向海外運輸陶瓷的歷史了解多少？
How much do you know about the overseas transportation of pottery and porcelain in ancientChina?

第十章 中國醫藥學 Traditional Chinese Medicine
你能簡介中醫的歷史嗎？
What is the history of traditional Chinese medicine?
什麼是「三寶」和「氣」？
What is san bao and qi?
什麼是陰陽學說？
What is yin and yang?
什麼是五行學說？
What is the theory of the Five Elements?
中西方醫學對病的不同觀念是什麼？
What are different attitudes between Chinese and Western medical practitioners towards disease?
治病有什麼傳統的方法？
What are traditional methods for treating illness?
你能告訴我一些針灸知識嗎？
Could you tell me something about the acupuncture?
針灸痛嗎？
Does acupuncture cause pain?
人們如何在家中熬製中藥？
How do people decoct herbal medicine at home?
「本草」是什麼意思？
What is bencao?
中國的食療法有什麼功用？
What is the function of Chinese food therapy?
常見藥膳有哪些？
What are some common medicinal foods?

第十一章 中國古書 Ancient Chinese Books
書籍產生以前人們用什麼方法記事？
What ways were used to keep a record of eventsbefore books came into existence?
簡冊是中國最早的書籍嗎？
Was jiance the earliest books of China?
什麼是帛書？
What is boshu?
什麼是《百家姓》和《三字經》？
What are Bai Jia Xing and San Zi Jing?
什麼是「四書五經」？
What is Si Shu Wu Jing?
《孫子兵法》是一本什麼樣的書？
What Kind of books is Sun Zi Bing Fa?
《內經》是一本什麼樣的書？
What Kind of books is Nei Jing?
《史記》的作者是誰？
Who wrote Historical Records?
《漢書》的作者是誰？
Who wrote The Book of the Former Han Dynasty?
你對明清章回小說了解多少？
How much do you know about episodic novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties?
《三國演義》是在講什麼？
What does The Romance of the Three Kingdoms talk about?
《水滸傳》是在講什麼？
What does Outlaws of the Marsh talk about?
《西遊記》是在講什麼？
What does Journey to the West talk about?
《紅樓夢》是在講什麼？
What does A Dream of Red Mansions talk about?
人們為什麼喜歡讀《唐詩三百首》？
Why do people enjoy reading The Collection of 300 Tang Poems?

第十二章 中國古代神話 Ancient Chinese Mythology
中國古代神話的特色是什麼？
What is the feature of ancient Chinese mythology?
盤古是誰？
Who is Pangu?
女媧是誰？
Who is Nüwa?
羿是誰？
Who is Yi?
精衛為什麼要填海？
Why does Jingwei fill up the sea?
女媧為什麼要補天？
Why does Nüwa mend the sky?
神農為什麼要嚐百草？
Why does Shennong try to taste hundreds of herbs and grass?
你知道嫦娥奔月的故事嗎？
Do you know the story of Chang'e Flying to the Moon?
你知道夸父追日的故事嗎？
Do you know the story of Kuafu chasing the sun?

第十三章 中國戲劇藝術 Chinese Opera Arts
中國傳統戲劇何時初具規模的？
When did the forms of traditional Chinese opera begin to be perfected?
傳統戲劇有什麼表演特點？
What are the performance features of the traditional opera?
傳統戲劇的角色有什麼特點？
What is the feature of the character roles of the traditional opera?
傳統戲劇的臉譜有什麼特點？
What is the facial makeup of traditional opera?
臉譜按照圖案分類有哪些類型？
How many kinds can the facial makeup be divided into according to its pattern features?
你對傳統戲劇樂器知道多少？
How much do you know about the musical instruments used in traditional Chinese opera?
京劇是如何產生的？
What is the origin of Beijing Opera?
什麼是崑曲？
What is Kunqu?
川劇曲調有哪些特點？
What is the feature of the melodic forms in Sichuan Opera?
川劇變臉是怎麼回事？
What is the face-changing performance in Sichuan Opera?
什麼是皮影戲？
What is Chinese Shadow Play?

第十四章 中國古代建築 Ancient Chinese Architecture
中國古建築有什麼基本特徵？
What is the basic feature of ancient Chinese architecture?
中國古建築的木結構有哪些特點？
What are the features of the timber framework in ancient Chinese architecture?
古建築的色彩有什麼特點？
What are the color features of the ancient Chinese architecture?
佛教寺廟內主要有什麼建築？
What are the main buildings in a Buddhist monastery?
道教寺廟的特點是什麼？
What are the features of a Taoist temple?
傳統村落整體布局有哪些環境特徵？
What are the environmental features of the general layout of a traditional village?
四合院有什麼特點？
What are the features of siheyuan?
古代庭院建築有什麼特點？
What are the features of ancient garden architecture?
你對殿宇屋頂上的動物造型知道多少？
What is known about the animal figures on the roofs of ancient Chinese buildings?
數字「九」與皇家宮殿有什麼關係？
What is the relation between the number ine?and imperial palaces?
古建築也反映了封建社會裡的等級制嗎？
Did ancient buildings reflect the social system offeudal China?
什麼是亭臺樓榭？
Could you tell me something about a tower and a pavilion?

第十五章 儒學 Confucianism
你了解孔子的一生嗎？
What is known about Confucius'life?
儒教的影響有多大？
What influence has Confucianism had?
孔子思想的基本內容主要有哪些？
What are the basic concepts in Confucian thought?
漢武帝為什麼要「獨尊儒術」？
Why did Emperor Wudi make Confucianism the orthodox philosophy of the Han Dynasty?
宋代理學是什麼？
What is the Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty?
你能告訴我《論語》中的幾則名句嗎？
Could you tell me some proverbs from the Analects by Confucius?

第十六章 道教 Daoism
教是如何形成的？
How did Daoism take shape?
道教教義的基本組成部分有哪些？
What are the essential parts of Daoism doctrine?
老子是誰？
Who is Lao Zi?
《道德經》是什麼書？
What is Dao De Jing?
什麼是「道」？
What is the dao?
什麼是「無為」？
What is wuwei ?
什麼是道家的「洞天福地」？
What are the Daoist Celestial Caverns and Blissful Lands?
什麼是道家醫學觀？
What are the medical perspectives of Daoism?
什麼是道家養生觀？
What is the underlying philosophy of Daoist health cultivation?

第十七章 佛教 Buddhism
佛教的創始者是誰？
Who was the founder of Buddhism?
佛教的基本教義是什麼？
What are the basic teachings of Buddhism?
什麼是大乘佛教和小乘佛教？
What are Mahayana and Hinayana?
佛教何時傳入中國？
When did Buddhism enter China?
佛教在唐代的發展如何？
How did Buddhism develop in Tang Dynasty?
普賢是誰？
Who is Puxian?
接引佛是誰？
Who is Jieyin Buddha?
彌勒佛是誰？
Who is Maitreya?
觀音菩薩是誰？
Who is Guanyin?
地藏菩薩是誰？
Who is Dizang?
文殊菩薩是誰？
Who is Wenshu?
四大天王是誰？
Who are the Four Heavenly Kings?
你對十六羅漢、十八羅漢、五百羅漢的由來知道多少？
What can be said about the legendary origin of theSixteen Arhats, the Eighteen Arhats and the 500Arhats?
什麼是大雄寶殿？
What is the Great Buddha Hall?

第十八章 民間信仰 Chinese Folk Belief
中國民間信仰有哪些主要特點？
What is the main feature of Chinese folk belief?
什麼是民間廟宇？
What is a folk temple?
玉皇大帝
Jade Emperor
西王母
Queen Mother of the West
太歲
Grand Duke of Jupiter
福祿壽 
Deities of Fortune (fu), Prosperity (lu), and Longevity (shou)
八仙
The Eight Immortals
灶神
Kitchen Deity
龍王
The Dragon King
閻王
Yan Wang in the Nether World

第十九章 日常禮儀 Daily ceremony
如何稱呼中國人？
How are Chinese people addressed?
如何稱呼中國婦女？
How are Chinese women addressed?
「老」和「小」的含義是什麼？
What is the meaning of lao and xiao?
中文有沒有特別的問候語？
What are typical Chinese greetings?
傳統的問候姿勢是什麼樣子？
What gesture is used as a traditional Chinese greeting?
中國人一般用什麼話題開始交談？
What are opening conversational topics in China?
中國人和西方人在日常告別時有什麼不同習慣？
What is the difference in daily farewells between Chinese and western people?
中國人如何回應讚美？
How do Chinese respond to a compliment?
你可以告訴我一些中國人表現謙虛的其他方式嗎？
What are other behavioral features of Chinese modesty?
什麼是「關係」？
What is guanxi?
為什麼「面子」對中國人來說非常重要？
Why does face have a great importance for Chinese?
什麼是「緣分」？
What is yuanfen?
「客氣」的重要性是什麼？
What is the importance of keqi?
什麼是「禮」？
What is the Chinese li?
什麼是「磕頭」？
What is ketou?
什麼是「請安」？
What are the features of Qing An Etiquette?
中國人接受禮物有什麼習俗？
How do the Chinese traditionally accept a gift?
在公共場所有什麼禮儀？
What is the etiquette for public places?
你知道孔融讓梨的故事嗎？
What is the story of Kong Rong who let his elder brother take larger pears?
你知道程門立雪的故事嗎？
What is the story of Yang Shi and You Zuo, who stand at Cheng Yi's entrance gate in a snowy day?

第二十章 婚姻禮俗 Marriage Etiquette and Customs
什麼是舊時婚姻的「六禮」？
What were the six-rituals of Chinese marriage in ancient times?
自古以來對結婚年齡有什麼規定嗎？
What was legal age to marry in olden times?
在包辦婚姻中媒人要做些什麼？
How did a matchmaker act in he arranged marriage??
什麼是「相親」？
What is xiangqin?
傳統的訂婚有哪些特點？
What is the feature of a traditional marriage engagement?
什麼是生辰八字？
What are the Eight Characters of a Horoscope?

第二十一章 中國民間傳統節日 Traditional Chinese Festivals
什麼是陽曆和陰曆？
What are the solar calendar and the lunar calendar?
什麼是春節？
What is the Spring Festival?
放鞭炮的由來是什麼？
What is the origin of setting off firecrackers?
春聯的由來是什麼？
What is the origin of spring couplets?
為什麼人們常常倒貼「福」字？
Why is a Chinese character u?often pasted upside down on a door or a wall?
元宵節的起源是什麼？
What is the origin of the Lantern Festival?
什麼是清明節？
What is the Qingming Festival?
端午節的起源是什麼？
What is the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival?
粽子的起源是什麼？
What is the origin of zong-zi?
什麼是中秋節？
What is the Mid-Autumn Festival?
月餅是什麼時候出現的？
What is the origin of moon cakes?
重陽節有什麼習俗？
What are the customs for the Double Ninth Festival?
什麼是七夕節？
What is the Qixi Festival (the Double Seventh Night Festival)?